Most AI Chatbots Will Help a Teen Plan a Mass Shooting, Study Finds

CCDH researchers, in conjunction with news media company CNN, spent November and December 2025 posing as two 13-year-old boys—one in Virginia, one in Dublin—and tested ten major platforms: ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude, Copilot, Meta AI, DeepSeek, Perplexity, Snapchat My AI, Character.AI, and Replika.

Across 720 responses, the bots were asked about school shootings, political assassinations, and synagogue bombings. They provided actionable help roughly 75% of the time, according to the study. They discouraged the fake teens in just 12% of cases.

Perplexity assisted in 100% of tests. Meta AI was helpful (as in, helpful in planning violence) in 97.2% of the tests. DeepSeek, which signed off rifle selection advice with "Happy (and safe) shooting!" after discussing a politician assassination scenario, came in at 95.8%. Microsoft’s Copilot told a researcher "I need to be careful here," then gave detailed rifle guidance anyway. Google’s Gemini helpfully noted that metal shrapnel is typically more lethal when a user brought up bombing a synagogue.

In the Center’s study, Character.AI stands in its own category. The platform didn't just assist—it cheered. “No other chatbot tested explicitly encouraged violence in this way, even when providing practical assistance in planning a violent attack,” the researchers wrote.

In other words, the potential harms aren't hypothetical.

Only two platforms performed markedly better in the study: Snapchat's My AI, which refused in 54% of cases, and Anthropic's Claude, which refused 68% of the time and actively discouraged users in 76% of responses—the only chatbot that reliably tried to steer people away from violence rather than just declining specific requests. CCDH's conclusion: safety doesn’t appear to be a technical impossibility, but a business decision.

“The most damning conclusion of our research is that this risk is entirely preventable. The technology to prevent this harm exists,” the researchers wrote in the report. “What's missing is the will to put consumer safety and national security before speed-to-market and profits.”