According to research findings by Google published in a recent whitepaper, a quantum machine running fewer than 500,000 physical qubits could be able to break Bitcoin’s cryptography in the near future, down from earlier estimates of around 10 million.
However, analysts at Bernstein are taking a more measured view by describing quantum computing as a manageable upgrade cycle for Bitcoin. In a recent note to clients, Bernstein analysts led by Gautam Chhugani said that the network has enough time to respond before the threat becomes practical, while also providing estimates that point to a multi-year window for preparation.
The firm estimates Bitcoin and the broader crypto industry have a three- to five-year runway before quantum computers reach the scale required to mount real attacks.
Interestingly, this timeline aligns with Google’s own 2029 migration benchmark, cited in the same whitepaper. Google had acknowledged in its paper that the time remaining before cryptographically relevant quantum computers arrive still exceeds the time needed to complete a migration to post-quantum cryptography capable of protecting against these threats.
Vulnerability Is Narrower Than It AppearsBitcoin’s mining process, which relies on SHA-256 hashing, is not considered meaningfully threatened by quantum advances in the same way.
